Definition of Osteoporosis
The layman is often put forward the definition of osteoporosis. Various limits are given by experts, including the following.
1. Osteoporosis is a disease with characteristic properties of low bone mass, accompanied by changes in bone micro-architecture, and decreased quality of bone tissue, which in turn lead to increased bone fragility due to the risk of fractures. This definition was proposed by the WHO in the International Consensus Development Conference, in Rome, Italy, 1992.
2. Osteoporosis is a disorder framework, characterized by bone strength is worrying and is affected by the increased risk of fractures.
While bone strength reflects a combination of two factors, namely bone density (bone quality). These definitions are made by consensus by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2001.
In summary, osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by progressive loss of bone density, so it becomes very reduced bone strength and fracture easily.
Bone contains several minerals, including calcium and phosphate, and organic form of collagen fibers in large numbers. Both minerals are throwing hard and dense bone, whereas bone collagen throw pliable / flexible
 |
| declining production of estrogen at menopause can reduce bone density |
To maintain bone density, it takes a sufficient intake of calcium and some minerals, the body's production of some hormones such as parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, calcitonin, estrogen in women and testosterone in men. Also required calcium intake of vitamin D to be absorbed by the intestine. Without vitamin D, calcium can not be absorbed for bone formation.
Bone loss occurs when bone mass begins to decline, so that bones become brittle and break easily at risk. World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis based on bone density in the hip bone. Standard size of a normal bone density is 833 mg/cm2. Between 833-648 mg/cm2 called osteopenia, and osteoporosis in patients with hip bone density is less than 648 mg/cm2.
Bone consists of two types of materials, namely:
1. Mineral-rich matrix (70%), a bone that has been cooked (bone).
2. Organic materials (30%) consisting of:
Cells (2%)
- Mon osteoblasts:
Cells that make bone matrix
- Mon osteocytes:
Cells that maintain the bone matrix.
- Mon osteoclasts:
Cells that absorb osteoid (matrix destruction).
Osteoid (98%)
Matrix containing a small amount of bone mineral (cartilage).
At first, the formation of bone (by osteoblasts) and bone resorption process (by osteoclasts) in balance. However, at the time of entering the age of 35 years, the osteoclasts become more dominant, resulting in bone resorption occurs more frequently than bone formation. So that the density (density) of bone is reduced, the bone was becoming increasingly fragile and porous.
Briefly told that progressively increases bone density, and reaches maximum density (peak bone mass) at the age of 30 years. As we get older, slowly begin to lose bone density.
If the body is unable to regulate the intake of minerals and vitamins needed bone, the bone loses its density will be even faster and become weak. This lead to osteoporosis (brittle bones). Brittle bone loss despite having only a mild impact. To note, 15% of American women lose bone mass at an average age of 50 years, and 30% by age 60.
The cause:
The cause:
Secondary osteoporosis treatment is much more complicated than the treatment of primary osteoporosis, and depending on the main causes of disease.
Bone loss occurs when bone mass begins to decline, so that bones become brittle and break easily at risk. World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis based on bone density in the hip bone. Standard size of a normal bone density is 833 mg/cm2. Between 833-648 mg/cm2 called osteopenia, and osteoporosis in patients with hip bone density is less than 648 mg/cm2.
Why does osteoporosis occur?
Bone consists of two types of materials, namely:
1. Mineral-rich matrix (70%), a bone that has been cooked (bone).
2. Organic materials (30%) consisting of:
Cells (2%)
- Mon osteoblasts:
Cells that make bone matrix
- Mon osteocytes:
Cells that maintain the bone matrix.
- Mon osteoclasts:
Cells that absorb osteoid (matrix destruction).
Osteoid (98%)
Matrix containing a small amount of bone mineral (cartilage).
At first, the formation of bone (by osteoblasts) and bone resorption process (by osteoclasts) in balance. However, at the time of entering the age of 35 years, the osteoclasts become more dominant, resulting in bone resorption occurs more frequently than bone formation. So that the density (density) of bone is reduced, the bone was becoming increasingly fragile and porous.
Briefly told that progressively increases bone density, and reaches maximum density (peak bone mass) at the age of 30 years. As we get older, slowly begin to lose bone density.
If the body is unable to regulate the intake of minerals and vitamins needed bone, the bone loses its density will be even faster and become weak. This lead to osteoporosis (brittle bones). Brittle bone loss despite having only a mild impact. To note, 15% of American women lose bone mass at an average age of 50 years, and 30% by age 60.
Judging from the cause, osteoporosis can be clarified as follows.
1. Primary Osteoporosis
The cause:
- Menopause, either naturally or because of surgery. Known as Type 1 or postmenopausal osteoporosis.
- Elderly, experienced by the elderly women and men, especially those aged over 70 years. Known as Type 2 or senile osteoporosis.The cause is unknown, it could happen to anyone and at any age. This type is known as Osteoporosis Diopatik.
2. Secondary Osteoporosis
The cause:
- The use of corticosteroid drugs (eg Prednisone), dilantin (sedative), gonadoptropin (medicine for women, for complaints gonad), loop diuretics (eg Lasix), methotrexate, thyroxine, heparin, depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (hormonal drugs), anti- -neoplastic agent (anticancer drug), siklospori.
- Hereditary connective tissue diseases: osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets, hipofosfatasia, Marfan's syndrome
- Endrokin and metabolic: hipogonadisma, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, acidosis, gaucer disease, haemochromatosis, a disease with insulin dependent diabetes, androgen insensitivity.
- Aneroksia
- Poor absorption or poor nutrition.
- Fribosis cystic
- Bone marrow diseases: myeloma, mastocytosis, thalassemia, leukemia.
- Insafisiensi kidney
- Hypercalciuria
- Hepatic disease
- Chronic lung disease
- Injury to the spinal cord.
- Rheumatic diseases: systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthiritis.
- Organ transplantation
Secondary osteoporosis treatment is much more complicated than the treatment of primary osteoporosis, and depending on the main causes of disease.
 |
| Avoid foods that contain sugar , fat and poor nutrition |
The period of peak bone (Peak Bone Mass)
Achievement of peak bone mass is the maximum bone density at the end of the maturity of the bone. To get the perfect peak bone mass, need to consume enough calcium during childhood, so that deposits of calcium in bones is quite high. High bone mass means that bones strong and healthy so it does not easily fragile and porous.
From the research it is known that peak bone mass is reached in their late twenties and early thirties. It occurs in women and men. After their thirties, bone mass will decrease gradually, especially in women in line with the decrease in the hormone estrogen a few years before menopause.
Bone in the body in charge of forming the framework as follows.
- Points of attachment of the muscle tissue for movement.
- Protect various vital tool in the body, including the spinal cord
- As a backup, and where the metabolism of various minerals, especially calcium and phosphate.
- Place the formation of blood cells.
Normally, the bones gradually become brittle along with the older. Usually it's the fragility of the range of 0.7% per year. In postmenopausal women, bone loss occurs more rapidly than bone formation. Also on those at high risk.
There are two types of risk factors for osteoporosis, which is congenital and is caused by lifestyle.
